B+S+B International Nature Education Online Biology Distant learning Photosynthesis

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We just try to give you a little glimpse how amazingly Nature works. To learn more: Email us! Millions of chemical reactions + processes in every plant: Every moment - inside uncountable amounts of cells Photosynthesis is the most important light-dependent reaction on Earth! Everybody knows what a leaf looks like ...

Without Photosynthesis would be NO oxygen on Earth! What would happen if we breath without getting oxygen?

But did you ever think about how a leaf looks inside? You will be surprised! There are different parts of a leaf involved in photosynthesis Mostly we think about green leaves, but most of leaf cells, the cell material have no color. When we see green, we see the chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts Chlorophyll inside a leaf In a leaf are many different types of cells, each cell for a different task All these cells are needed - a perfect plan for life Scientist name these layers: Top = cuticle layer + epidermal cells Middle = mesophyll cells with the chloroplasts Bottom = cuticle layer, epidermal cells, and stomates The function of the stomates is to regulate the input and output of carbon dioxyde CO2 and oxygen O2 Let's have a look at the Mesophyll Cells Two different mesophyll cells are in a typical leaf. Many in the palisade parenchyma region others in the spongy parenchyma region. Look at a chloroplast: They are tiny, but you can see them under a microscope. When we look what is inside a chloroplast we will see the stroma and the grana. That's where photosynthesis happens The outer layer of the thylakoids are home to chlorophylls and other pigments. Photons, sent out by our sun, hit the pigments and electrons are getting loose to provide the energy for the complicated process of photosynthesis. Often we hear the word photosynthetic membrane describing a thylakoid. When you look at these flat pancake shaped pieces, scientists call them thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is a granum / plural grana You see the hose-connection? The name for these connections is stroma lamellae. The membrane and the space inside it, is where the light-dependent reaction takes place. The light independent reactions happen in the stroma. Chloroplasts are carbohydrate factories using sun light as energy. They have their own genetic material, they can multiply! As working materials chloroplasts need: carbon dioxide water minerals These raw materials allow the chloroplast factory to produce food for the plant, plants all mammals need for food, for oxygen! Read more about Chlorophyll

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